Parkinsonism and other Extrapyramidal Diseases Essay

Parkinsonism and other Extrapyramidal Diseases - Essay Example Generally, I did as well as could be expected with what I was given. The typical elements of the human basal ganglia have to a great extent been concluded from the investigation of useful issues related with damaging or irritative sores. To an enormous degree, the shortages are in engine work and, consequently, the extrapyramidal framework and basal ganglia have been related with development issue. Significant interconnections of the basal ganglia are the nigrostriatal pathway, and the ansa and fasciculus lenticularis, and the fasciculus thalamicus, which interconnect the globus pallidus and the ventral sidelong and ventral front (VL-VA) cores of the thalamusand the VL-VA thalamocortical strands, the subthalamopallidal pathway, striatopallidal filaments, and cerebellothalamic interconnections Parkinson's sickness, first depicted by James Parkinson in 1817, is one of the most significant incapacitating ailments of later life. It is evaluated to influence 1% of 70-year-olds, but at the same time is seen in more youthful individuals, with 10% of cases happening before the age of 50. Parkinson's illness is one of the most widely recognized neurodegenerative infections, however evaluating its rate and commonness is tricky, since there is no 'throughout everyday life' marker for idiopathic Parkinson's sickness; assessments of the yearly frequency of Parkinson's malady are in the scope of 4 to 20 for each 100000 people. A generally acknowledged figure for the commonness of Parkinson's infection is around 200 for each 100,000 populaces. In the UK, there are around 120,000 to 130,000 analyzed cases, however there might be a lot more that stay undiscovered. In the USA, it is assessed that somewhere in the range of 750,000 and 1.5 million individuals have the ailment. ( Ref) Age, Sex, and Ethnicity Both the occurrence and pervasiveness of Parkinson's infection increment with age, and the commonness might be as high as 1 of every 50 for patients beyond 80 years old years. Men are 1.5 occasions more probable than ladies to build up the condition are. Emergency clinic based investigations have recommended that Parkinson's sickness is less regular operating at a profit populace. Pathology The principle neurotic component of Parkinson's malady is the degeneration of neuromelanin-containing neurons in the standards compacta of the substantia nigra. Assessment with the unaided eye uncovers paleness of this region, which is affirmed minutely by a checked diminishing in the quantity of neuromelanin-containing cells and the nearness of Lewy bodies in the remaining nigral neurons. Degeneration of pigmented neurons in the brainstem isn't restricted to the nigra yet reaches out to the locus ceruleus and the dorsal engine core of the vagus. Neuronal Degeneration The reason for neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's illness is obscure. The powerless neurons are situated in astroglial-poor locales, for example, the ventral level. Glia may offer neuroprotection by giving neurotrophic factors that forestall cell passing. A few theories for neuronal degeneration have been proposed, including: oxidative pressure, prompted by dopamine digestion or different elements deficient mitochondrial vitality digestion excitotoxin-and xenobiotic-related cell passing customized cell passing (apoptosis) to the average

HR Role in Business Planning -Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the HR Role in Business arranging utilizing Walton and Burgonyne'e model. Answer: A key arrangement can be supposed to be a dream taken for the advancement of the association so as to increase a positive turn in the serious market. The arrangement is to be set out for the accompanying 2 to 5 years. The arrangement is to be created by the supervisors for the organization and to be executed by the HR professionals[1]. The experts in the HR office need to function as a piece of the key arranging as all representatives would have the option to execute the vital strategic the association. The HR would be answerable for assuming all the liability for the association. Associating the individuals of the association and the thoughts into a solitary restricting arrangement would have the option to help the association for the culmination of the key arrangement. The HRs job is to acquire new thoughts into the organization. The HR ought to have the option to comprehend the best possible working thoughts of the advanced vital making arrangements for the improvement of the admi nistration slants in the organization. After the production of the vital arrangement there should be association of the arrangement to the goal and the working system of the organization so the arrangement can be effectively executed[2]. Beating the obstructions during the execution is significant in order to battle the weight of disappointment of the arrangement. The utilization of the HR job in an organization can help during the time spent bringing the best possible activities for the creation of the capital improvement in the organization. References Bratton, John, and Jeff Gold.Human asset the board: hypothesis and practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Kerzner, Harold, and Harold R. Kerzner. Task the executives: a frameworks way to deal with arranging, planning, and controlling. John Wiley Sons, 2017. Kerzner, Harold, and Harold R. Kerzner. Task the board: a frameworks way to deal with arranging, planning, and controlling. John Wiley Sons, 2017. Bratton, John, and Jeff Gold.Human asset the executives: hypothesis and practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Startup Hubs Around the World Paris

Startup Hubs Around the World Paris The City of Love. The City of Lights. Paname. The birthplace of fashion. Paris has many identities, and is looking to add another one to its list of names: Top Ten Global Start-up Hub. Long known for its trendsetting fashions, its culinary delights and its artistic endeavors, Paris has much to offer its residents and visitors. Recently, however, officials in Paris began to express an active interest in leading the start-up tech market, and they are taking steps to ensure that they get their wish. © Shutterstock.com | beboyIn this article, we’ll explore Paris’ 1) location, 2) tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, 5) local resources, 6) specialization of the city, and 7) startups to watch in the future.LOCATION © Wikipedia commonsThe capital city of France, Paris is the most populated city in the country. Located in central northern France, Paris is one of the world’s premier tourist destinations and boasts a population of over 2.2 million people. The location of the city adds to the idea that Paris can be a powerhouse within the startup community and brings a set of benefits and advantages that other cities may not have.Geographical benefitsFormally established in 1860, Paris has a rich history that can be seen in its architecture and thriving cultural activities. Living in the city of lights, residents can benefit from a community that is bustling with creativity and excitement. A solid infrastructure provides the necessary technology for the startups, and the city offers much in the way of living arrangements, transportation, as well as green spaces such as parks and gardens.Advantages to choose the cityResidents and visitors to the city can take advantage of the wide range of transpo rtation modes that are available. Two international airports serve the city, making it possible to find a flight in (or out) of Paris at virtually any time. It serves as the hub of France’s highway network, and has three major roads that surround the city â€" proving essential for automobile transportation. Additionally, the subway system (the Paris Metro) transports over 5 million people daily, making transportation within the city fast and easy.There is much to appreciate about the city â€" the world-class cuisine, the trend-setting fashions and the vast opportunities to explore the arts of some of the world’s masters all combine to create an environment conducive to creativity and design. The same qualities and features that draw millions to the city annually as tourists are enticement for entrepreneurs who want to be in the middle of the action. Paris is city that hustles â€" the entrepreneur will fit right in.TAX INCENTIVESOne of the interesting facets to Paris’ push to b ecome a global leader among startups is the discrepancy between their reputation and the words of the government. In 2013, France moved to raise capital gains on investors who cashed out of companies. Entrepreneurs protested, claiming that the move only served to reinforce the unfriendly business practices and high taxation rates that startups in France have to pay.When given the choice of Paris, with its high taxes or another European city with lower taxes and greater governmental assistance, entrepreneurs predict that they’ll be heading for other European cities. French officials, however, claim that such remarks are really a result of ‘French bashing’ and that the country does offer tax cuts. A large lobby group cites high corporate taxes and labor market complexities among other reasons for the city’s inability to make it to the top of the list of startup hubs.The truth is France does offer tax incentives for entrepreneurs. The incentives they offer, however, don’t beg in to compare to the incentives that are offered by other countries. In an effort to revitalize the city’s appeal to entrepreneurs, French officials have taken the tax code and began tweaking the strict code to offer additional incentives. Unfortunately, this may be adding to the problem. One of the biggest criticisms about Paris as a startup is the continually changing tax codes which are difficult to understand. Recent legislation has indicated the possibility of new tax incentives for this up and coming startup hub city, a change that would be welcomed by all French entrepreneurs.To attract the high caliber entrepreneurs that Paris needs to become the top start-up hub, tax incentives must be instituted that are consistent, fair, and attractive to start-ups.How to be an Auto-Entrepreneur (Sole Proprietorship) in Paris LEGAL INCENTIVESWith the reputation that Paris has of being anti-business, it is interesting that they are a highly successful startup hub already. Paris has enter ed an important state of development and is working hard to convince people that the new method of doing business in Paris is here to stay. The legalities of starting a business in Paris are surprisingly easy to navigate.Currently, any entrepreneur among the provinces (within the European Council countries) is eligible to start a business in any EU country. The process has been streamlined so it is typically only three days from filing to startup â€" and the paperwork can all be completed in one location, making it easy to accomplish.For the entrepreneur who wishes to startup in Paris, the process is undergoing a restructuring, thanks to an aggressive plan outlined by the French minister. When his plan is fully implemented, Paris will be well on their way to accomplish its goal of becoming the largest tech startup in Europe â€" rivaling Silicon Valley, London’s Tech City and Berlin’s Silicon Allee.His eight step plan includes establishing a tech sector within the city that is in ternational in scope and is convenient to the cities amenities, offering real estate incentives for startups that move into the tech sector and upgrading the internet capabilities within the sector. Incubators and physical hub stations within the sector would be designed to provide startups with the necessary resources, along with a political brand to promote the tech hub and a government department specifically to support and develop the tech hub.Additionally, an entrepreneur visa was introduced that will allow for residence permits to be processed quickly for individuals who offer expertise and experience in the tech industry. This will help to clear the way for foreign tech employees who need (or want) to move to Paris for their tech related job â€" they will be able to move quickly through the visa process and obtain the necessary paperwork.INVESTORSParis has a foundation of working with investors, but over the last few months, one investor in particular has taken an interest in Paris’ startup market and he’s prepared to put his money into the city to prove it.Xavier Niel, a French billionaire, has plans to convert a railway station into one of the world’s largest incubators with room for over 1,000 entrepreneurs. The project, called 1000start-ups, is a joint project between Niel and the French government. With a building over 32,000 feet it will be equipped with computer lab stations, an auditorium, a boardroom and a workshop to build digital prototypes.Along with the startup hub that Niel is helping to develop, Niel is also getting ready for the newest tech development center on the market that he co-founded with other investors. École 42, the project, is a 3 â€" 5 year training program for individuals between the ages of 18 to 30 year olds. A free school that teaches computer services, Niel helps place graduates in tech jobs around France.Kima15 is Niel’s accelerator program that moves a startup through due diligence with the goal of expediting the application process. The two week-time period is a good introduction to the network of investors and entrepreneurs in the city already, and the startup is fast tracked for the opportunity to receive $150,000 in funds.Additional investors are also present in Paris, although there seems to be a gap in the funding cycle. For the initial startup and venture capital stages, there is an abundance of investors available. The later stages, however, are lacking in investors.A political move recently that indicated a change in capital gain taxes threatens to overturn the hard work being done by other initiatives trying to bring work to the capital. New investments in the city’s entrepreneurs have dropped, and efforts must be taken to replenish their supply and their faith in the city.LOCAL RESOURCESParis has a wealth of successful startup neighbors: London, Berlin, Dublin, and they have successful startup hubs as well. If the major cities worked together to develop a strategy for how t hey interact with each other, there would be no stopping the effort. The resources for a successful startup hub are already located within the city of Paris, the city just needs to find out how to accelerate their use.A rich artistic culture, Paris is famous for the number of art students who flock to the city to enjoy the museums and hone their craft. With the growing fields of tech industries, artistry is becoming more and more important. Paris holds an advantage with the large number of artists locally available.Entrepreneurs are looking for quality, inexpensive living arrangements that can double as office space as needed, or can otherwise be used as a multipurpose living space. The large tech zones are filled with apartments, multi-purpose facilities and studios that are perfect for the budding entrepreneur.Inspiration abounds within this fascinating city â€" and the entrepreneur who takes advantage of the culture may find that they not only enjoy their city but they are able t o creatively solve problems.Paris is funneling money into funds to support venture capital firms. Startup entrepreneurs can receive up to 70 percent of their salary for two years when they start a company.Beyond the beauty of the city, there is beauty in a place that is not content to rest on the past â€" Paris has committed itself to move forward into the next century and refuses to let anything get in its way.SPECIALIZATIONParis has a vast sea of choices for entrepreneurs who wish to startup in the city to choose from. There is a strong fashion industry, high finance industry and other industries that all help to create the sense of being put in the middle of a hive of activity. Government officials, however, have their eye on the tech startup industry, and are taking steps to bring more technology minded individuals to the city.By increasing the startup hub technology zone, the city will draw more people who are looking for a place to build new technology. Strengthening the inter net capabilities would allow for additional entrepreneurs to do great things without worrying about if the connection can handle the graphics and other intricate programming the startups need.With the government’s inclination to become the next Silicon Valley, Paris is sending a clear message â€" the Tech scene is happening in Paris. College campuses, hubs and other resources are all promoting the technology sector, which helps to attract additional entrepreneurs to the city.One of the key issues that Paris will have in their quest for specialization is the tendency among French companies to be resistant to change. French companies hesitate to change the way things have always been done, and are slow to adopt new technology or other new ideas. This must change in the future if they want to specialize in a market that can change by the day. Another issue that Paris will have is the refusal to use English on any of their advertisements, etc. Trying to become a global powerhouse is a lmost impossible if none of the materials that Paris releases are in English. Simply translating the material that is made for a global market into English will go a long way in attracting entrepreneurs as well as investors.STARTUPS TO WATCHPretty Simple Games â€" Criminal Case is the brainchild of the dynamic duo that runs Pretty Simple Games. With their debut game hitting the market in December, by June of the following year they had amassed over 9.4 million active workers around the world.BlaBlaCar â€" The city of Paris is teeming with people on the roads, subways and highways. By developing a ride share program, the founder has over 17 million customers who all use the computer based program to find a ride, find a passenger or simply to check on traffic.Withings â€" A mobile app, Withings offers you a series of health and wellness apps that can help you take better care of yourself â€" through internet. What you eat, how you exercise, it’s all handled through the interactive a pp.Jolicloud â€" A new computing system, this one is entirely designed to help you keep your head (and your shoes) off the ground and into the cloud. Jolicloud has created a computing platform that maintains all its records and information secure in the cloud, making it accessible from anywhere.Leetchi â€" Tired of trying to figure out the bill when a group of friends goes out to dinner? Leetchi is a group payment plan method that can make it simple to collect the money and pay in one lump sum. Social payment platform makes collecting money, and paying for everyone in the group a piece of cake.Devialet â€" With singleminded focus, Devialet is producing high-end amplifiers. The analog/digital system improves the quality of the sound, and it seems to be working.Melty â€" A social media platform, Melty is a free online community platform for teens. Twelve specialized channels are devoted to topics ranging from fashion to food.Mindie â€" A video app that promises to be the next MTV for the mobile generation, Mindie is the second attempt to create a video app, and so far, Mindie is filming success â€" their funding is over 1.2 million and counting. Image credit:  Wikipedia commons under Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported.

A Theoretical Review Of Global Stratification - 913 Words

Molly Hartlage Professor Michelle Crist Sociology 1010, Introduction to Sociology 11 December 2015 A Theoretical Review of Global Stratification Global stratification is defined as social inequality throughout the world. It is an unequal distribution of wealth and poverty, of resources and opportunities. Global stratification is much greater than social stratification in the United States or in any single nation and continues to increase. The poorest people in the United States have a much higher quality of life than most other people in the world. As a result of this global inequality, countries are classified into three categories, high-income, middle-income, and low-income, based on per capita gross national income and overall†¦show more content†¦Because developing countries are less prepared and often located in tropical regions, these poor countries are hit hard by climate change in the form of droughts, hurricanes, floods, and other disasters. Also, poor, developing countries do not have the means to invest in modern energy. In the article, â€Å"A Paris Climate D eal Must Address Global Inequality,† Singh argues that developed countries must take responsibility for their contribution to climate change and pledge to do more to improve the conditions. She says that high-income countries not only have the finances to support a transition to clean energy, but also a moral and legal obligation to fix the problem they have created (Singh 1-5). In the context of globalization, or interaction between people, companies, and governments of different countries driven by international trade, global inequality matters because it parallels the asymmetrical globalization that limits poor countries. This asymmetry only increases the gap between rich and poor countries. Low-income countries have little opportunity to improve because they have inadequate means and opportunities. Inequality affects both economic and social growth and poverty. For low-income countries, the inequality is reflected in poor social and civic institutions. These incapable inst itutions, in turn, do little to improve conditions. Global market failures and

Should Student Loan Debt Be A National Crisis - 865 Words

Although many people are considering student loan debt to be a national crisis, we must understand the reality behind it. Unfortunately not everyone is fortunate enough to make it through college without accumulating debt. In Robin Wilson’s essay, â€Å"A Lifetime of Student Debt? Not Likely†, she makes a compelling argument that shows how students get involved with really high debt. She claims, â€Å"†¦the problem among students who go heavily into debt is that they are determined to attend their dream college, no matter what the cost (257).† It is a true statement because students want to turn their dream into a reality. All students can reach their goal of attending a dream college by first choosing a community college in order to decrease the amount of student loans. Many students plan to go to their dream college; however they don’t take into account if they will have a job that will pay them enough money in the future to pay off their loans. A c ommunity college would be beneficial because it will act as a gateway to direct students to a job before starting their dream college. That path would provide the student with an opportunity to save up money while being in school to pay off their student loans. Wilson has a similar argument stating, â€Å"Many borrowers who find themselves in trouble use options under the federal loan program that allows them to postpone repayments on their loans for years. The problem is that because interest keeps racking up during such a deferment and afterShow MoreRelatedStudent Loan Crisis Is A Crisis870 Words   |  4 Pagesthousand dollars in student loans. (Johnson, â€Å"Student Loans†) There is currently a debate about whether or not student loans are a crisis or if this crisis is just a myth. 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The results of this outstanding amount of debt does not just affect theRead MoreThe Vicious Cycle Of Student Loans1576 Words   |  7 PagesCycle of Student Loans Student loans are one of the top three national debts in the United States. Total student loans have reached an outstanding of one trillion dollars and are still on going. It would take the United States hundred-fifty years, twenty million dollars a day to fully cover this national debt. Student loans are intended for students to go to college but they come with a rising social and economic cost. As the expectancy of high return and tuition are increasing, more students are endingRead MoreThe National Student Loan Debt1571 Words   |  7 Pagesjust added to the national student loan debt. According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, college debt now ranks second in the greatest debt owed besides a home mortgage. Unfortunately, the affordability of obtaining a post-secondary education no longer exists. Americans are now faced with over $ 1 trillion dollars in student debt. With such a huge escalation in college debt, we are facing a generation where over 50% of graduates wi ll owe debt (McDaniel). While having debt after graduationRead MoreThe Nationwide Student Debt Crisis967 Words   |  4 PagesFact or Fiction: The Nationwide Student Debt Crisis In the United States, it is generally accepted that college (or any form of higher education for that matter) is a wise investment that each and every individual should strive for. Each and every year thousands of parents open college funds and future investment plans to ensure that once their child is of age he or she can participate in quality educational programs. While college attendance rates are at a positive all-time high, right behind itRead MoreMiddle And Working Class Family s Depend On Student Loans Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pages Initial Draft Student Loan Debts Terri Gray Chamberlain college of Nursing â€Æ' Prewriting Assignment What is your narrowed topic? Middle and working class family’s depend on student loans. Loans are the only way to an education for many families not only here in the USA. Also I find it interesting that most minority families do not understand the cost of education. 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The TED talk in which Sajay Samuel brings forth his ideas for addressing the student debt crisis, is labeled â€Å"How College Loans Exploit Students for Profit† (Sajay Samuel). Sajay Samuel believes if tuition was based on the income that the student’s family makes, studying what someone loves would be easier to achieve. Sajay Samuel’s aspirations for restructuringRead MoreSolving The Student Debt Crisis Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe student debt crisis has reached an all time high with debt reaching a total of 1.3 trillion dollars across the United States.With tuition cost increasing,lack of scholarships and an increase of government loans,student debt will continue to increase.The enormous amount of debt put upon each student creates the inability o f those students to help the economy grow.Our economy as we know it is in shambles and decreasing the student debt significantly will help the economy grow.Instead of debt owersRead MoreStudent Loan Is A Terrible Idea1308 Words   |  6 PagesStudent loan forgiveness is a terrible idea. Sure, in an idealistic world it would be great if the country could forgive all student loan debt and thus bring relief to all students across the nation. Realistic? Not necessarily! 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Corporate Social Responsibility Airplanes and Airline Industry Free Essays

In 1978, The Airline Deregulation Act was purposed and signed by President Jimmy Carter. This federal law came into existence for two main reasons; stated by Carter (1978), â€Å"to help our fight against inflation, and to ensure American citizens of an opportunity for low-priced air transportation. Today’s motives in the airline industry go way beyond economic decisions for themselves as well as their shareholders. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Social Responsibility: Airplanes and Airline Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowadays, businesses are an essential part of society and the airline industry must exceed their compliance of legislation and obligations of what is expected of them and focus on the interests of society. In doing so, they must perform corporate social responsibility that will help improve the community, society’s youth, charity, education, and also our planet. This corporate social responsibility should not be an option but rather an obligation, as that they play an essential role in creating goodwill, a positive image, and a competitive edge for the industry. Corporate social responsibility also increases sustainability by assisting the industry in achieving its goals and increasing long-term shareholder value. One company that exhibits this corporate social responsibility is JetBlue. They are dedicated to serving the needs of America’s youth as well as their community. Ian Deason, the director of airport operations, stated that â€Å"Flying is our core business†¦ our core values include caring, integrity and passion. † The company will continue to demonstrate their corporate social responsibility in April 2013 by hosting their third annual â€Å"Wings for Autism† event at their Boston Logan International Airport location. The program is designed to introduce the possibility of flight travel to children with autism and give their families an opportunity to practice the boarding process, become familiar with the plane, and interact with the pilots and crewmembers. Crewmembers will team up with autism experts at The Charles River Center, where they will be trained to exemplify the expected and unexpected needs of families with children who are autistic. Since the program started in 2010, more than 400 families in the Boston area have been able to participate in the program which the company plans on providing to other cities in the near future (McFadden). JetBlue also partners with many nonprofit organizations. One in particular is KaBOOM, an organization that constructs innovative kid inspired playground areas for communities. This past March, following the occurrence of Hurricane Sandy the partnership hosted a design day in the Sandy impacted city of Long Beach, NY in which children were able to sit down with team members and assist in the design of a playground that will be constructed there in May of 2013. JetBlue plans to expand this program to other affected cites and since their partnership with KaBOOM in 2006 they have helped build a total of 13 playgrounds, engaged 2,636 volunteers and provided a safe place for children to play in cities across the airline’s network (BlueTales). Moreover, JetBlue isn’t the only airline that is signifying their corporate social responsibly to the community. Transaero, an airline company in Russia implements many charitable programs. In 2012, the company’s corporate social responsibility program made the top three in Russia and they were also assigned the top AAA(s) corporate social responsibility rating. Transaero supports children with cancer as well as their families. They offer camps where children can receive medical and psychological rehabilitation and also fund a year round facility in Moscow, where children and their parents can receive legal aid. With cancer treatments and airfare being rather expensive, the company offers free flights to Moscow, St. Petersburg or even abroad so that the children can receive their needed treatment. Also many of the airlines employees are regular blood donors and make regular visits to hospitals and cancer centers to visit with sick children. Olga Pleshakova, the company’s CEO stated that â€Å"volunteering is not just about the company’s social responsibility program, but is an integral part of its HR policy that allows employees to show their best sides and develop their potential†¦the social initiatives of employees should be met with understanding and support by management† (Tveritina). Oman Air and AirBus are two other foreign airline companies. Both are committed to inspire and educate today’s youth by providing them with an appreciation for science and technology. The two airlines joined forces back in March of 2013 and created â€Å"The Little Engineer† workshop. The workshops were conducted at Sultan Private School and Azzan Bin Qais International  School in Oman and gave young Omani students a first-hand look into the world of engineering and encouraged them to pursue a future career in aviation. (Awal). Furthermore, as mentioned above the airline industry can safeguard our planet by exercising their corporate social responsibility by â€Å"going green†. Air France-KLM is one company in particular that focuses on this issue. For eight consecutive years the Dow Jones Sustainability Index has ranked Air France-KLM transport leader in terms of sustainable development in the airline sector. This merit is awarded to 19 of the most responsible companies in the world, each in their own area of activity. Air France’s environmental efforts reduce 400 tons of waste each year (Amstelveen). Air France reduces environmental wastes by recycling old uniforms as well as 80% of inflight articles. An environmental and social approach was used in designing their new inflight, reusable headphones. After a flight, the recovered headphones are cleaned and repackaged by a company that now employs 50 additional disabled workers thanks to the efforts of Air France. Also, with pollution being a huge issue in the aviation industry Air France is conducting research with experts to create more sustainable biofuels that will cut down on carbon dioxide emissions and provide a more fruitful planet for society (The Financial). Additionally, the airline industry has been global before anyone even considered globalization. According to the article â€Å"The Airlines Global Dilemma†, international travel has been around since the early 1900s. Chalks Ocean Airways had routine trips to the Bahamas and Pam Am had international routes to countries such as China, Japan, and Philippines in the 1930s. International flights are the airlines best chance to make a profit as well because international flights have the most margins. â€Å"The Airlines Global Dilemma† article also highlights one key aspect to the globalization of this particular industry and is unlike any other industry, for the traditional airlines, globalization is not an opportunity, but the gravest threat. The reason for this is partially laws, environmental uncertainty and complexity. In the United States, there is a restriction on how much equity can be held by a non-American. The government keeps it at 25% and the United States is not the only country that does this. There are many different laws of that the airlines have to deal with. European laws are the only laws that favor cross border mergers. Mergers for airline companies make a lot of sense business wise if they can be done. If a merger is not possible, many companies do route-by-route joint ventures. The main reason to do a joint venture is to gain access to areas that companies are weak. Joint ventures are service agreements where on specific routes the companies share costs and profits. The joint ventures tend to be harder for he bigger companies to produce but it is a very good way for smaller companies to stay competitive. Through multi-lateral communication, groups of smaller international companies can almost act as a virtual airline itself. The airline market also has many threats. There is the threat of new entrants and threats of substitution that American airlines have to deal with. The air space is getting very crowded for the American airlines so the threat of new entrants is very real. There are many companies that are entering the market with many strategies. Poland’s international airline is an example of company with a differentiation strategy. They are the first airline in Europe to have Boeing’s new 787 according to AirGuide Business. The 787 Dreamliner is supposed to be more fuel efficient and more comfortable for passengers compared to older plane designs. There are also companies from the Middle East with strong growth strategies and a distinct competitive advantage. The new airlines from the Middle East are capitalized with government funds, running virtually tax free, equipped with new fleets operating out of new airports, are non-union, and offer top notch service according to Airlines Global Dilemma. The airlines in the United States also have strong completion from within by low cost strategy companies. The threat of substitution is most prevalent by companies like Delta-Northwest and United-Continental. American Airlines is a great example of a company currently in Chapter 11 which needs to restructure, cut labor costs, and merge with US Airways. According to an article in Time Magazine, American Airlines labor cost was 4. 4 cents, Delta 3. 4 cents, and United 3. 7 cents per available seat mile. That difference results in billions of dollars and probably contributed to American Airlines’ two billion dollars in loss last year. According to Fortune, the merger should eliminate 1. 25 billion in labor costs. Not only do the airline carriers have to deal with globalization but also have deal with airplane makers. Boeing, for instance, has a very different problem than companies like American Airlines and Delta. Boeing has too many orders to fill which could possibly give this supplier stronger bargaining power. Boeing owes it buyers 2845 planes and is only building 35 planes per onth. At that rate, it will take Boeing six years to fill those orders and that is only if they do not get any more orders during that time. Management for Boeing needs to stress efficiency. They have made promises to increase production to 60 planes per month. Even at 60 planes per month that still leaves potential buyers waiting for quite a while and that could cause them to seek other internatio nal suppliers. Many buyers may go to Europe’s company Airbus or even try to newer companies such as Canada’s Bombardier according to AirGuide. In 2000 the United States Congress passed the Wendel H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st century. The purpose of this bill was to create a competitive plan for new entrants entering the Airline Industry. It gives guidelines and requirements for existing airlines to allow new entrants a chance to get started in the business. Another name for the act is AIR-21, and the results for AIR-21 are significantly positive; by allowing one endpoint airports to decrease their price by 10%, and for both endpoints to decrease their price by 20%. Some problems new entrants have when entering the Airline Industry, is operations and marketing. Marketing for a new airline can be difficult because of the loyal customers existing airlines already have. However, there are plenty of ways that airlines can increase their loyal customer base, with things such as frequent flyer miles, corporate incentive agreements, and travel agent commission overrides. For new entrants these would be considered a threat to entering the airline industry. Another threat to entering the airline industry is starting off with limited operating access. These would include limited boarding gates, ticket counters, baggage handling, storage facilities, and take-off and landing slots. Even though it may seem like a great time for a new airline to open, with existing airlines cutting routes, and raising prices by seat, this would be a very hard industry to enter and have a success story. For an airline to see any profit right now while oil prices are higher than ever, they must be able to fly full planes at all times. Lately even existing airlines have failed to see a profit. For example, Virgin Airlines did not see a profit for five years after its first flight. Even Warren E. Buffet was stated in a New York Times article that an investment in US Airways, in the early 1990’s, one of his biggest mistakes â€Å"Here a durable competitive advantage has proven elusive ever since the days of the Wright Brothers. Indeed, if a farsighted capitalist had been present at Kitty Hawk, he would have done his successors a huge favor by shooting Orville down†. There are many risks entering the Airline Industry, but there are also many rewards if a new entrant were to have a success story. JetBlue reported profits of $1. 5 billion dollars last year, and its revenue at $192 billion dollars. They opened in 2010, and they are now an international airline. At the end of 2011, JetBlue was reported to have an average of seven hundred flights a day. JetBlue is becoming more of a success story than most other new entrants. For a new airline to start up, they need to understand how their investment breaks down. Landing and associated airport charges makes up 4%, depreciation and amortization 7%, maintenance and overhaul 10%, fuel and oil 12%, flight crew 7%, enroute facility charges 2%, station expense 11%, passenger service 10%, ticketing, sales and promotion 16%, general administrative 12%, and the rest is miscellaneous. The above information was given by The Airline Industry Trends, Challenges, and Strategies authored by Dr. John Wensveen. Dr. Wensveen noted that there have been twenty five airline failures since 2007. This is because of the global economic crisis in 2008; airlines were forced to increase their rates because of the high oil prices and the falling demand of people needing to fly. A SWOT Analysis for an airline would go as followed: Strengths: The AIR-21 act gives new airlines a chance to get started * The reward of having a successful airline is very big * Opening an airline is a Cost-Leadership strategy Weaknesses: * The is a very big risk * Oil prices are high * It cost a lot of money to open a new airline * Loyalty systems other airlines have with their customers Opportunities * Being able to start something new * Opening up in an industry that will always be improving Threats * The US Airways merger with American Airlines * The United States Airlines Industry has the potential to become a monopoly with the merger of airlines * Not being able to move loyal customers to a new airline On February 14, American Airlines and US Airways publically announced their proposal to merge with one another. Higher power executives and presidents in these 2 substantially large companies ensure that the soon-to-be merger will â€Å"lessen competition in the airline industry,† â€Å"provide the airline’s customers with a broader network, more choices, and better service† (Lawton). However, others do not agree. Many believe that because this newly merging company will be valued at $11 billion and will make-up a whopping 26% of U. S. market share, which would be the world’s largest airline, this will actually lead to an increase in fares (The Wall Street Journal). Although the future of airfares is uncertain, it is safe to say that both companies are doing an excellent job in organizational communication during this transitional phase. US Airways and American Airlines are currently in a bumpy transitional phase in merging to become an airline powerhouse. US Airways and American Airlines must establish strategies to achieve common goals and develop this approach, which will require extensive mutual planning. Doug Parker, the former CEO of US Airways, will be taking the role as head of the new company, which will be taking the name in favor of American Airlines (Jones). In a previous interview, Parker stated that â€Å"they’ve got some advantages in making the marriage go more smoothly. † New management taking the reins of the new American must use a strategic approach to devise a long-term plan. In doing so, this strategic approach will be more beneficial than considering a short-term volatile schedule. There may be a large internal advantage to already having a sufficient amount of employees within the companies, but the public consumer will be more concerned about what disadvantages will affect them through external company decisions. A conflicting potential impact of this merger is combining loyalty programs. Frequent flyers may certainly be an airlines most valued customer. But as their most valued customer, they should not reap harmful effects throughout the process of this combination. According to article American, US Airways Can Take Lessons from Other Airline Mergers the frequent flyer members of the â€Å"Aadvantage† rewards program will receive perks from both the US Airways program and American Airlines program. Although this is rational decision making: trying to smoothly overlay both reward programs to satisfy existing members, this rationality is bounded. Because of this bounded rationality, decision making is limited because it would be impossible to add all reward benefits from both airlines into one blended program. For example, American Airlines members, who carry the Express Platinum Card and Black Card had unlimited access to first class lounges. When this merger is finalized, these card members will lose this privilege. (Jones) There may be some rough patches in aligning these airlines but the potential benefits will greatly outweigh the troubles that may be faced. Darryl Jenkins has said that â€Å"The financial deal is easy; the challenges are always in the integration. The new American must show sustainability for their firm to achieve long-term shareholder value. As of April 9th 2013, American Airlines (AAMRQ) closed with a stock price of $3. 58; US Airways (LLC) closed at a price of $15. 70 but dropped . 14 points throughout the course of the day (YAHOO Finance). Work Cited â€Å"Air France: Committed to Sustainable Deve lopment. † FINCHANNEL. com. The FINANCIAL, 4 Mar. 2013. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. http://finchannel. com/news_flash/Travel_Biz_News/125695_Air_France%3A_committed_to_sustainable_development/. Amstelveen. â€Å"Sustainable Development: Air France-KLM World Air Transport Leader in 2012. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. KLM Corporate, 17 Sept. 2012. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. http://nieuws. klm. com/sustainable-development-air-france-klm-world-air-transport-leader-in-2012-nl/. Awal, Jamadil. â€Å"Oman Air, Airbus Bring ‘little Engineer’ Workshops Muscat. † Arab News. SAUDI RESEARCH PUBLISHING COMPANY, 28 Mar. 2013. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. http://arabnews. com/news/446279. Business Industry News – Aircraft Finance News. (2012). AirGuide Business, 1-16. Hawes, A. (2012, May 25). The Challenge of Starting an Airline. The New York Times. How to cite Corporate Social Responsibility: Airplanes and Airline Industry, Papers

The glass menagerie - Mother (Amanda Wingfield) free essay sample

How is one to distinguish between a good and a bad mother? What characteristics sets apart a good mother from a bad one? Amandas actions in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams were made clear from the beginning. First, she was an extremely arrogant person. Especially when it came to her children, constantly putting them down and making them feel as if they were inferior and couldnt do anything right. Secondly, she would make her childrens decisions for them, allowing them to decide little regarding their own future. Finally, by placing a large part of her responsibilities on Tom demonstrates to the reader that Amanda is irresponsible. Despite any views people may have on it being difficult to differentiate the actions of a bad mother from those of a good mother, it was made obvious that Amanda was a selfish mother, putting her needs ahead of her childrens. We will write a custom essay sample on The glass menagerie Mother (Amanda Wingfield) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amanda ultimately cared for herself more than her children. Arrogant is one of Amandas strongest characteristics. She notices her childrens weaknesses rather than their strong points, demonstrating this quality. She would constantly downplay her children about what they had become. Sounds to me like a fairly responsible job you would be in if you just had more get-up. (Act 1, Scene V, pg. 54.) Amanda could never show any recognition for what her children had achieved. After Laura had dropped out of business school, Amanda was very pessimistic about her future, and was sure she would become an old maid. Amanda did not even think of the possibility that Laura could be successful on her own, she failed to recognize that maybe both Laura and Tom would be happy and successful if they were only given the change to chose what they wanted to do for themselves, rather than their mother always making their decisions for them. It would definitely be difficult, and likely hopeless if someone was not doing something by choice, but was always coerced into doing it. Amanda would be constantly upset by how her children would not stick to something and be happy and successful with it. It was unfortunate that she did not realize that if she would just let her children make their own choices, they would most likely attain happiness. After making Laura go to business college, which she didnt want to do, she of course made it seem as if it was all Lauras fault. Fifty dollars tuition, all of our plans-my hopes  and ambitions for you-just gone up the spout, just gone up the spout like that. (Act 1, Scene II, pg.17.) Amanda needed to realize that it was Lauras life, not hers, and stop making her decisions for her. Tom was a man who liked excitement who wanted to see the world. However Amanda insisted on planning his future, and made him get a job at the warehouse which he despised. She should of instead, had faith in Tom and let him decide what he wanted to do and believe he would make the right choices. Instead, she mapped out Toms future for him, giving him little choice when she dumped most of her responsibilities of a mother on him. Being a mother means that your supposed to care for and provide for your children both emotionally and physically. Amanda did neither of these well. She made Tom get a job and support Laura and herself. In addition to this Tom was also left with his mothers responsibility of Laura. Tom was expected to take over Amandas role as a mother to Laura, and find her a husband and a life for herself. I mean that as soon as Laura has got somebody to take care of her, married, a home of her own, independent-why, then youll be free to go where ever you please, on land, on sea, whichever way the wind blows you! (Act 1, Scene IV, pg. 42.) Amanda expected him to give up his hopes and dreams, and spend his life trying to find a life for Laura. Which was most definitely completely irrational. Tom was a young man, and should have been able to live his life, rather than trying to make a life for his sister. Although Amanda did have good intentions for her children, she went about everything in the wrong way, some would say that she just simply wanted the best for her children. Which was most likely true, but without doubt she in the end just wanted the best for herself. She did love her children yes, and to some this makes a mother a good mother. However loving someone is not always enough. To be a good mother you need to tend to your childs every need, and believe in them 100%. Unfortunately Amanda possessed neither of these qualities. Amanda was a like a young woman living in an older womans body. She was  lost in her past and what she could have bee. She was an irresponsible mother who did not allow her children to make their own choices. She planed her responsibilities to Lara on Tom, leaving him with a large considerable amount of responsibilities that he did not ask for or what. Domineering is the best word to explain her. Tom and Laura were constantly being put down by their mother, and told to do things they did not want to do. To summerize, Amanda Wingfeild was an awful mother, always expecting too much. Never just accepting her children for who they were and loving them for being all that they could be.